What does the "Same Origin" policy restrict?

The "Same Origin" policy is a critical security measure implemented in web browsers to restrict how documents or scripts loaded from one origin can interact with resources from another origin. An origin is defined by the combination of the scheme (protocol), host (domain), and port of a URL. This policy is primarily in place to prevent potentially malicious websites from accessing sensitive data or executing actions on another domain without permission.

By restricting apps from interacting and exchanging data across different domains, the Same Origin policy helps protect user data and maintains the integrity of web applications. This means that if a script is running on one domain, it cannot read or manipulate data from another domain unless both domains explicitly allow such actions, typically through techniques like Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS). This safeguard is vital for maintaining privacy and security in web applications, preventing unauthorized data leaks or manipulations between different origins.

The other options presented do not accurately describe the Same Origin policy's main focus and purpose. For instance, the policy does not govern the usage of programming languages, the integration of Salesforce versions, or the access to user accounts without consent. Each of these areas falls under different security and compliance concerns rather than the scope defined by the Same Origin policy.